Malolactic fermentation ("BSA")

"BSA" is the German abbreviation for malolactic fermentation (MLF). It is a process that happens during or after alcoholic fermentation . At a temperature of about 20°C, the process is started naturally or by bacteria, that is added.
During the MLF, malic acid, a pointed and spicy acid, is turned into the softer lactic acid. A by product is carbonic acid.